Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous and Intramuscular Tramadol in Llamas
Sherry Cox, MS, PhD
University of Tennessee
1 yr. - $17,870. ARF contributed $4000.
Currently there are no drugs approved for treating pain in llamas. The way a drug acts depends on the anatomy and physiology of the species to which it is given. Therefore each species metabolizes drugs differently. This study is designed to determine how tramadol, a pain reliever, will be metabolized in the llama.